Carbureter.



0. F. JQHYNSGN.

GARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED .APR.10, 1912. 1,@9362?, Patented A131121, 1914 4 v Z SHEETS-SHEET 1.

3,5m Z; (I Af" f fl'g l- 67 -5 L @a 4 7'\`Ilv G 59 7/ 72 M' 53 Hr 57 MH' 6+ sa 'M 5a I .gf 73 bn/l @o 53- I 35 3/ e. O. 0 h; r3? Il .szd8. if*

i wim/fsm; .1m/mrd# v I l .er l

U. E. GHNSON.

OARBURETEE.

PPLzoATIoN FILED 22.19, 1912.

mme@ im. 21, 19ML 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UMTED STATES PATENT ormai-E.

l I CHESTER F. JOHNSON, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

CARBURETER.

ATo-all 'whom/t moy-concern: Be it known that I, CHESTER F. JoHNson, a citizen of the United States, and a Vresi- -'ldent of Detroit, in the county of Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented a new and Improved Carbureter, of which the following is a specification.

` This invention 'rel'tes to means for pro- .duci'ng an eiiplosive fluid for use in inter la nal combustion engines; and its object is to.

provide means topi'oduce Such fuel at all times irrespective of the temperature of thel surrounding atmosphere'. A

This invention consists. in combinatioh with a 'fioat chamber and a nozzle leading y therefrom for`the discharge of the liquid fuel, of a carbureting chamber s o constructof the surrounding atmosphere by means of a water jacket through which thecirculat ing-water from the engine may pass on its way tothe radiator.` .Y

In -the accompanying drawings Figure 1' 36 -is -a vertical, central section of this improved carbureter. f Fig. -2 isaplanofthe electric Theater andthe carburet-ing chamber. Fig. 3 is an elevation of the lower ortion o f the f carbureterlooking from the eft in Fig. 1.

parts throughout theseveralfviews.

' This-carbureter comprlses a body 1, a' float ."'the' body I1.1 The body andfloat chamberare chamber 2 'anda tube 3 which connects to secu1'ed. togetlier by means of the screws 4, lamd the fuel passes to the carbureter through a.' 1.conn'ection 5. Thefioat- 6 is' annular and '-:se'cured to a lever 7 xnountedona pivot A- balll 9 on the valveestem 10 is secured in i '45 proper relation tothe lever 7 by means of a l A I top of the float chamber is formed by a capF f -nut 11. The valve 12 on the-rod 10,fcontrols the flow of fuel into thefioat chamber. The

14, which carries thenozzlc 15. A stem 16 to is threadedin this nozzle 15 and has a 5v prevents leakage around the lower end of' Whenthe engine-is now turned-over by' needlefvalve 17 which controls the flow .of 'thefucl through. the discharge `aperture 18 of the nozzle. The fuel flows up through a the stem 16. As the stem 16 is threaded in Specification of Letters Patent.

application aledapru 1o, 1912. serial No. 659,706.

- Similar reference characters refer to llike Patented-hier. 21, 1914.

the nozzle 15 .and slidable in the stuihngbox, any expansion of t-he float-chamber :does not affect the adjustment of the needlevalve at the upper end of the stem.

A plug 22 may be employed to drain the float chamber. ln order to prevent the stem 16 from turning after once being adjusted, ,a knob 23 may be secured to its lower end,

which is engaged by a spring-pressed pin-.24;`

slidably mounted in the lower end of the bracket 25, the spring 26 on the stem 24 holding the point of the pin `against the knob 23, which is preferably roughened or lmurled. l

-The line 27 in Fig. 1 indicates the normal fuel level which is just below the upper end of the nozzle 15., In 'case 1t is necessary or desirable to raise the height of the fuel in the 'carbureting chamber, as will be explained later on, the float 6 may be de pressed by meansof the stein 28, mounted in the bracket 29. A spring 3() normally holds thisI stem outward, but it can bedepressed in which case more fuel will low'into'tlie Hoat-chzunbcr and the level therein and in the carbureting-chamber'will be raised.

The carbureting-chamber is composed of a strangle tube 34; taperingy downward and having its lower end lbelow the level of thel fuel. This strangle tube connects to a diaphragm having a downwardly turned flange 3G, the lower edge of which engages the cap 14. This downturned edge 3G is provided with a number'of apertures 37, and the air enters through f the annular space 38 between the fiange 39 on the body 1, and the upper edge of the lfloat chamber 2 and passes through these holes 37 into the space between -t-he cap 14 and the diaphragm 35, and then Vdown and up through =the strangle tube 34. During the time the engine is to be started, a richerv mixture usually desired, and' therefore the float 6 is depressed so that the fuel level Will`rise inl the float chamber suiiiciently 'to cause the' fuel to flow from the-aperture 18 into the cup formed by the depression of the cap 14;`

hand,- the air drawn in through the holes 37 loo ression in the cap 14, and carry up a much` arger percentage, so that the mixture will be very rich. l

During cold weather, the fuel does not readily ca-rburet, so that it is desirable to raise its temperature, which may be done by the following device. In the groove between the .strangle tube 34 and the diaphragm 35, a heating element such as the coil 42 of wire of proper resistance to electric currents is placed and insulated from both the diaphragm and the tube by means of thin sheets of proper m'aterial 43,'such as asbestos. The ends of the coil connect to curved plates 44,

such as shbwn in Fig. 2, which are properl mounted on the strangle ltube 34, and which are so constructed as to contact with the screws 45 of the binding posts 46. lProper circuit wires'yleadingv to a. storage battery or other. source of supply, connect to these binding posts and permit A,the passage of a current which will heat the -wire 42 and thereby the tube 34, whose lower end extends down into the fuel in the depression in the capy14. This. will cause the liquid fuel to be heated, and will'also tend to volatilize the same, so that the vapor therefrom Awill immediately mix with the .incoming air from the holes 37.

It' is desirable that the explosive mixture be kept ata-the highest temperature consistent wit-h safety as it passes to the engine. This may be done by fgrming the body 1 with a tubular extension` 3, which slrves as a. water jacket for the inner tube 49. A portion of the circulating water from the engine may enter the spaces between the tube 49 and the shell 3 through the passage 50, and leave through the passage 51 shown in Fig. 3. It is readily seen that the construction shown in Fig. 1 is very feasible from a manufacturing standpoint, as the extension 3v may be cored at the same time as the other portions of the body 1, and that it can be bored to receive the tube 49, whose ends may be rolled` down to form watertight joints. Thisconstruction ispreferable to attempting to form the shell 3 and the tube 49 o f one casting and separating the two by means of air spaces formed by cores.

A rod 52 extends through the extension 3 and carries the throttle-valve 53. A crank 54 on the outer end of this shaft, may be of any desired construction and furnished with any proper connections, so that it may be controlled from a distance.

It is usually desirable that the explosive mixture coming'from the strangle tube 34 be mixed with fresh air so` as to form a properly proportioned mixture. The body 1 is therefore formed with. an extension 55 having a cap 56 into which is screwed a bushing 57, and to which is secured a bracket 58. A stem 59 is vertically slidable in this bushing57, and on it slidably mounted a valve .60. On the lower end of this stein; 59 is secured a collar 61 between'which andi theA valve is a spring 62. A second collar; 63 is rigidly mounted on the stem 59, but, Ibears against the shoulder 64. Between this. collar and the valve 60, is a spring 65. The'v initial tension of the spring 65 is controlled .by the position of the bushing 57, althoughil additional tension may be given to this spring by means of the arm 67 secured t0` the small shaft 68, which ismounted in thc l bracket 58. An arm 69 secured to this shaft 68 may be operated through any desired type of connector from. the control station.

By Swingin stem 59 bwil this 'arm 69 to the left, the be depressed and will carry i down the Acollar 63 and thus compress the spring 65, thereby restraining the ainvalve and checking the flow of air to cause the explosive mixture to be richer. Byl properly proportioningthe springs 62 and 65, the valve 60. will be lposltioned 'against lts seat with substantially no pressure. :A collar`7l on the stem, held in position by the pin 74, and spring 72 return the .stem 59 after being depressed by this arm 6 7, while a small spring 73, whose'upper en d is se- 'cured to the collar 63 in any desired manner, preferably b soldering, will cushion the valve 60 at t e upper end of its movement,I when, by reason of high velocity of the valve, it moves upwardlyto the limit of lts movement.

The o eration'of the carburetor is as follows: W en it is desired to start theengme, tne'stem 28 is depressed, causing'the valve 12 to lift from its seat, and permitting additional fuel to flow into the float chamber, so that the fuel level will be above-the upperend of the nozzle I5, and a small quantity of fuel will accumulate in the depression in the cap14. If'the weather iscold, an electric current is caused to flow through the wire 42, heating the same, and with it the stran le tube 34, which dips into the fuel around t e upper Aend ofthe nozzle 15. When the fuel 1s thus heated, it more read-- ily volatilizes, and when' the e e 1s turned-over, the inrushin air passing up through the annular space tween the lian e 39 on the body and the lupper edge of t e float-chamber, and through the openings 37 and down underneath the lower edge of the tube 34,' and then upward, will carry with it a. comparatively large amount of vaporized fuel, thus causing .the cylinder tol be charged with a very rich mixture which will readily explode. It has been found by experience that explosion engines can be easily started during the coldest weather' when a heating device is thus mounted in the carbureting-ch amber, andl especially surrounding the strangle tube 34.. It sometimes happens that fuelparticles of consiilerable size are carried up from the strangle tube by the inrushiug air and then fall onto the diaphragm 35 and into the tube 34. Any fuel which falls into the tube 3ft will immediately flow down into t'he 'depression in the cap 14. '1`histuhe3lis n'ovided with small perforations 7T through which any liquid fuel resting on the diaphragm 35 may drain into the tube :it and then down into tbe depres lsion in the cap 14. As the diaphragm 35 1s heated at the same time as the tube 34, much of the fuel which falls back on it is vaporized by the heat, thus'adding to the ett'cctiveness of the carburetor. As stated before, the air-valve GO permits flow of air through the carburetor, which mixes with the va or which passes upwardly from Ithe strung e tubo 34. The amount of fuel which flows out of the apertures 18 will depend upon the ditl'erence in air pressure between that in the pipe 49 and in -the tloa't chamber Q, which is usually atmospheric. The distancel the valve (l0 opens will depend upon the Isame di'erenee, so that normally, the amount of fuel will be in a predetermined proportion to the air. If then it is desired to increase the proportion of fuel, the arm (a) is swungto the left, increasing the tension of the spring and checking the amount of air which passes into the bodv 1 of the carbureter. It has been found that by the use of the water jacket between the walls 49 and 3, liquid fuel of a much lower degree of volatilization may be. used, and

that by the use of the heating coil-42, explo-- sion en fines ma be started with liquid fuel which 1s normally stable, such as kerosene. By removing the screws 4, the float-chamber and the head 35, coil 4'?. and tube 34 can be separated from the body of the carbureter.

I claim.

1. In a carburetor, the combination of a body, a Heat-chamber secured thereto, a cap forming a top for the float-chamber and having a central depression, a fuel nozzle extending through said depressed portion, a diaphra ym mounted in said body above the ca p an having air-inlets, a ownwardly tapering tube. mounted in said diaphragm and having its lower end extending into t'he depression, uml an electric heater-coil eictcnding around said tube.

1. In a carburetor eomprisin r a floatchamber and a carbureting cham ier, a cap separating said chambers and having a cenl-al depression, a fuel nozzle extending through the central part of said diaphragm, means to cause liquid fielv to flow into said depression, a tube in said carbureting chamber and extending downward into said depression, and an electric heater-coil mounted on said tube.

3. In a carburetor comprisin a floatchamber and a carburetin chandler, a cap mounted to separate said e ambers and havvbetween the two and having a central dcing' a central depression, a fuel nozzle extending from the Heat-chamber into said depression, a downwardly tapering tube mounted in said carburcting chamber and extending into said depression, and an electric heater to raise the temperature of said tube.

4. In a carburetor, the. combination ,of a lout-chamber, a carbureting chamber, a cap pression, afuel nozzle extending from the dont-chamber intosaid depression, a downwardly concave head mounted above said cap and having a 'down-turned, perforated edge resting thereon, a tube mounted in said head centrally of the same and of said nozzle and the depression in the cap and extending down to t-he same, an electric heater-coil surrounding the tube above said head, contact posts mounted in the wall of the carbureting chamber and insulated therefrom, and contact plates en Taging said' vests and connecting to the om s of said coill.

In a carbureter, the combination of a body, a fuel receptacle, a cap forming-a top for the fuel receptacle and having a central depression and a fuel passage through said central depression a diaphragm mounted in said body above tie cap and having air inlets, a. downwardly extending tube supported by said diaphragm and having'its lower end extending into said depression, and a. heating element mounted adjacent said tube to heat the same and thereby the fuel in said depression.

(3. In a carburcter, the combination of a body, having a tube forming the lower en-d of the same, a plate having a centrally depressed portion moanted below said tube, -a fuel chamber mountedadjacent the body, a 105 fuel pi e connectingto the fuel chamber and to sait plate to conduct fuel' to said depressed portion, and a heating element mounted adjacent the tube to heat the lower end of the same and thereby the fuel inthe 110 de iression in said plate.

)7. In a carburetor comprising a floatchamber and a carbureting chamber, a diaphragm separating said chambers and having a central-depression, a fuelfnozzle ex- 115 tending through the central part. of said diaphragm. a. tube in said carbureting chamber extending downward into said depression, and means to heatsaid tube.

8. In a carbureter com rising a iloat.- 120 chamber and a carburcting'c iambcr, a plattl mounted to separate said chambers and having a central depression, a fuel-nozzle extending` from, the limit-chamber into said depression, a. downwardly taperingr tube 125 mounted in said carbureting chamber and extending into said depression, and means to heat said tube.

t). In a carbureter. a ca p with a central depressiom with a fuel nozzle. projecting 13o centrally thereinto,' in combination with a on said cap, to provide' an annular air in .inet chamber, a conical carbureting tube extending through the aperture of the diaphraxm intoV the said depression and around the el nozzle, and a heater'mounted on said diaphragm about the carbureting tube.

10. In a c'arbureter, the combination with a case of a. diaphragm extending across said case and apertured, a peripheral air inlet at one side thereof, a conical mixing tube engaging a center aperture in said diaphragm, a fuel nozzle directed into said mixing tube, and an electric heater mounted on said diaphragm surrounding said tube.

1l. In a carbureter, vthe combination of a casing, a diaphragm extending thereacross, centrally apertured and provided with a depending =cone, a fuel nozzle directed int'o `said cone, a cup secured to said fuel nozzle and surrounding said cone, and an electric i. heater mounted on said diaphragm.I

12. In a carbureter, the combination with a casing of an apertured diaphragm extending thereacross, an electric heater mounted upon said diaphragm and extending around the aperture therein2 and terminals for said heater extending outward through said casing and insulated therefrom.

13. In a carbureter, the combination with an apertured diaphragm, having a peripherally-apertured liange and a central cone of an electric heater mounted upon said iaph'ragxn between said flange and said cone.

14. In a carbureter, the combination with a casing of a diaphragm removably securedin said casing and having a central cone, an electric heater mounted upon said diaphragm, surrounding said cone, terminals 'for said'vheater projecting outward through said case', and insulator bushings for sealing 'fsaid terminals in said case.

In testimony whereof I- have signed this specification in the presence of t'wo subscribing witnesses.

CHESTER F. JOHNSON.

Witnesses:

EDWARD N. PAGEISEN,

HUGO W. KREINBRING 

